“Fair use is any copying of copyrighted material done for a limited and “transformative” purpose, such as to comment upon, criticize, or parody a copyrighted work.
“Such uses can be done without permission from the copyright owner.”
(Copyright and Fair Use, Stanford University Libraries)
4 Factors to determine Fair Use: Purpose • Nature • Amount • Effect
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Determining "Fair Use" isn't always simple or easy and All FOUR FACTORS need to be considered.
This Online Fair Use Evaluation tool, from the American Library Association provides step by step tools to help.